The urgency of the problem of soil contamination by heavy metals of industrial origin is rapidly growing, posing a serious threat to environmental safety and human health. Industrial enterprises, such as metallurgical plants, mining complexes, and chemical production facilities, constantly release significant volumes of toxic substances into the environment, which accumulate in soils. Traditional methods of purification, such as excavation of contaminated soil or chemical stabilization, are often extremely expensive, energy-intensive, and can lead to secondary pollution. This necessitates the search for innovative, cost-effective, and environmentally safe solutions for the restoration of contaminated areas.
It is in this context that phytoremediation – a technology for environmental remediation using plants – gains particular importance, offering a sustainable and natural alternative. This method utilizes the unique biological properties of certain plant species for the extraction, immobilization, or transformation of heavy metals without significant interference with natural ecosystems. Phytoremediation is a promising direction for industries aiming to reduce e